2. Archeomusicology

As the findings which we report here assume a high degree of musical and arithmetical sophistication on the part of preliterate humans before 23,000 BC, we may begin with a review of some recent archeomusicological discoveries which support this assumption.

A Neanderthal flute

Currently the oldest known musical instrument, this is a segment of the femur bone of a cave bear, dated 43,000 to 82,000 B.P. It has two complete holes and two partial holes, one at each end of the broken fragment. It was found in 1997, at a Neanderthal campsite, by paleontologist Ivan Turk of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences, and has been analyzed by Canadian musicologist Bob Fink. Its tuning corresponds to Mi-Fa-Sol-La of the diatonic scale. For more details, see: Bob Fink