Dusseldorf/Chapters/3-stoics.rtf
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3. The Stoics, 300 BCE

From Plato and Aristotle and others came the Stoics, for 500 years the leading school. Among other ideas, they further developed the logos concept of Heraclitus, Aristotle, and Philo. This became an element in the Neoplatonic cosmology of Plotinus. (Hahm, 1977; p. xiii)

Logos has many meanings. Cognate of the verb legein, to say, it may mean language, speech, expression, explanation, formula, purpose, rational basis, plan. 

Following Aristotle, the Stoics have two  principles, or archai: active and passive. These are body and soul, or matter and logos. (Hahm, 1977; pp.29, 61, 74) For the Stoics, logos makes the world by giving form to matter in a dynamical process. (Sandbach, 1975; p. 72) Like Plato, the Stoics believed that the cosmos was a living being, with a world soul. (Hahm, 1977; p. 137)

Refs

Hahm, David E., The Origins of Stoic Cosmology. Ohio State Univ. Press, 1977. McH B528 H33.
Sandbach, F.H., The Stoics. New York: Norton, 1975. McH B528 S27.