Decline

Chronology, Decline

The most important events for the decline of the spirit.

869/70, Eighth Ecumenical Council, Constantinople Under Pope Nikolas I, condemned the threefoldness of man as body, soul, and spirit, and decreed the duality of body and soul. [1] 1233, The Inquisition instituted 1270 and 1277, Condemnations of Paris Etienne Templier, Bishop of Paris, condemned many articles of Aristotelean cosmology 1536-63, Council of Trent affirmed Aristotelean cosmology 1572, New star, and 1577, Comet (destroyed the firmness of the orbs) 1600, Bruno burned (for the infinity of the celestial sphere) 1600, On the Magnet by William Gilbert published suggested the idea of a gravitational force field to Kepler 1609, Galileo publishes Starry Messenger Medicean stars, sun spots 1609, Kepler publishes Epitome of Copernican Astronomy identifies soul with field (species) [2] 1616, Copernicus condemned (for the motion of the Earth) 1623, Kepler replaces soul (animus) with force (vis) [3] 1632, Galileo condemned 1645, Bulliardi denies soul [2]: Under Pope Nikolas I, condemned the threefoldness of man as body, soul, and spirit, and decreed the duality of body and soul. [1]
1233, The Inquisition instituted 1270 and 1277, Condemnations of Paris Etienne Templier, Bishop of Paris, condemned many articles of Aristotelean cosmology 1536-63, Council of Trent affirmed Aristotelean cosmology 1572, New star, and 1577, Comet (destroyed the firmness of the orbs) 1600, Bruno burned (for the infinity of the celestial sphere) 1600, On the Magnet by William Gilbert published suggested the idea of a gravitational force field to Kepler 1609, Galileo publishes Starry Messenger Medicean stars, sun spots 1609, Kepler publishes Epitome of Copernican Astronomy identifies soul with field (species) [2] 1616, Copernicus condemned (for the motion of the Earth) 1623, Kepler replaces soul (animus) with force (vis) [3] 1632, Galileo condemned 1645, Bulliardi denies soul [2]
1270 and 1277, Condemnations of Paris Etienne Templier, Bishop of Paris, condemned many articles of Aristotelean cosmology 1536-63, Council of Trent affirmed Aristotelean cosmology 1572, New star, and 1577, Comet (destroyed the firmness of the orbs) 1600, Bruno burned (for the infinity of the celestial sphere) 1600, On the Magnet by William Gilbert published suggested the idea of a gravitational force field to Kepler 1609, Galileo publishes Starry Messenger Medicean stars, sun spots 1609, Kepler publishes Epitome of Copernican Astronomy identifies soul with field (species) [2] 1616, Copernicus condemned (for the motion of the Earth) 1623, Kepler replaces soul (animus) with force (vis) [3] 1632, Galileo condemned 1645, Bulliardi denies soul [2]: Etienne Templier, Bishop of Paris, condemned many articles of Aristotelean cosmology
1536-63, Council of Trent affirmed Aristotelean cosmology 1572, New star, and 1577, Comet (destroyed the firmness of the orbs) 1600, Bruno burned (for the infinity of the celestial sphere) 1600, On the Magnet by William Gilbert published suggested the idea of a gravitational force field to Kepler 1609, Galileo publishes Starry Messenger Medicean stars, sun spots 1609, Kepler publishes Epitome of Copernican Astronomy identifies soul with field (species) [2] 1616, Copernicus condemned (for the motion of the Earth) 1623, Kepler replaces soul (animus) with force (vis) [3] 1632, Galileo condemned 1645, Bulliardi denies soul [2]: affirmed Aristotelean cosmology
1572, New star, and 1577, Comet (destroyed the firmness of the orbs) 1600, Bruno burned (for the infinity of the celestial sphere) 1600, On the Magnet by William Gilbert published suggested the idea of a gravitational force field to Kepler 1609, Galileo publishes Starry Messenger Medicean stars, sun spots 1609, Kepler publishes Epitome of Copernican Astronomy identifies soul with field (species) [2] 1616, Copernicus condemned (for the motion of the Earth) 1623, Kepler replaces soul (animus) with force (vis) [3] 1632, Galileo condemned 1645, Bulliardi denies soul [2]
1600, Bruno burned (for the infinity of the celestial sphere) 1600, On the Magnet by William Gilbert published suggested the idea of a gravitational force field to Kepler 1609, Galileo publishes Starry Messenger Medicean stars, sun spots 1609, Kepler publishes Epitome of Copernican Astronomy identifies soul with field (species) [2] 1616, Copernicus condemned (for the motion of the Earth) 1623, Kepler replaces soul (animus) with force (vis) [3] 1632, Galileo condemned 1645, Bulliardi denies soul [2]
1600, On the Magnet by William Gilbert published suggested the idea of a gravitational force field to Kepler 1609, Galileo publishes Starry Messenger Medicean stars, sun spots 1609, Kepler publishes Epitome of Copernican Astronomy identifies soul with field (species) [2] 1616, Copernicus condemned (for the motion of the Earth) 1623, Kepler replaces soul (animus) with force (vis) [3] 1632, Galileo condemned 1645, Bulliardi denies soul [2]: suggested the idea of a gravitational force field to Kepler
1609, Galileo publishes Starry Messenger Medicean stars, sun spots 1609, Kepler publishes Epitome of Copernican Astronomy identifies soul with field (species) [2] 1616, Copernicus condemned (for the motion of the Earth) 1623, Kepler replaces soul (animus) with force (vis) [3] 1632, Galileo condemned 1645, Bulliardi denies soul [2]: Medicean stars, sun spots
1609, Kepler publishes Epitome of Copernican Astronomy identifies soul with field (species) [2] 1616, Copernicus condemned (for the motion of the Earth) 1623, Kepler replaces soul (animus) with force (vis) [3] 1632, Galileo condemned 1645, Bulliardi denies soul [2]: identifies soul with field (species) [2]
1616, Copernicus condemned (for the motion of the Earth) 1623, Kepler replaces soul (animus) with force (vis) [3] 1632, Galileo condemned 1645, Bulliardi denies soul [2]
1623, Kepler replaces soul (animus) with force (vis) [3] 1632, Galileo condemned 1645, Bulliardi denies soul [2]
1632, Galileo condemned 1645, Bulliardi denies soul [2]
1645, Bulliardi denies soul [2]

[1]. T. H. Meyer, Steiner 1977; p. 22.
[2]. Koyre, 1961/1973; pp. 72,17,119,372,37.
[3]. Dijksterhuis, 1961; p. 310.

Revised by Ralph Abraham 17 March 2004