New Markets, 1950-2000

The main bifurcation events since the computer revolution (ca 1950) include:
  • 1950, cellular automata (Ulam)
  • 1956, system dynamics aka complex dynamical systems (Forrester)
  • 1961, chaos theory (Ueda, Lorenz)
  • 1966, catastrophe theory (Thom, Zeeman)
  • 1970s, analog neural nets (????)
  • 1975, fractal geometry (Mandelbrot)
  • 1977, complexity (Waddington)
  • 1980s, cellular (lattice) dynamical systems, morphogenesis (????)

Revised by Ralph, 30 April 2003